The projects of this program have three components including. The first is the establishment and application molecular markers of the resistance to sport wilt virus in tomato analysis system. Specific markers SCAR-Sw5-1313 and SCAR-sw 5-676 were developed for differentiating allelic variation at Sw5 locus. It amplifies fragments from both resistant and susceptible tomato accessions with different molecular sizes that corresponding to the presence of Sw5/Sw5， Sw5/sw5 and sw5/sw5 alleles.This year we also merged SCAR-Sw 5-1313， SCAR-sw 5-676 and TSWV as Multiplex-PCR through once RT-PCR， detecting Sw5/Sw5， Sw5/sw5， sw5/sw5 and TSWV simultaneously. Sw5a and Sw5b are resistance genes to sport wilt。virus in chromosome 9 of tomato. Genes (Sw 5a and Sw 5b) could be。identified by molecular markers Tss#Sw5a and Tss#Sw5b， respectively. F2 segregation rate of Sw5aSw5b /Sw5aSw5b， Sw5aSw5b/sw5 and sw5/sw5 was 1:2:1. Inoculation experiment of TSWV to 2 F2 populations showed superiority of homo-resistance genotype and hetero-resistance genotype to susceptibility genotype.。The second is establishment the molecular markers for sex determination in Carica papaya L. (papaya) by using SSR and SCAR analysis. In SSR-PCR and SCAR-PCR analysis， we didn't found the maker was specific to allhermaphrodite character. Most of these primers can get a band in male，hermaphrodite and all-hermaphrodite materials. The sequence analysis results of the band were showed single nucleotide differences in male/hermaphrodite or hermaphrodite/ all-hermaphrodite materials. These single nucleotide differences might be applied to SNP or CAPS molecular markers which can detected the all-hermaphrodite character. But it is needed further experimental results to prove it. 。Tomato yellow leaf curl disease is a serious constraint to the production， often causing 100% yield loss. In Taiwan， the disese is caused by the monopartite Tomato leaf curl Taiwan virus (ToLCTWV) and the bipartite Tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus (TYLCTHV). The main disease resistance genes identified include Ty-1， 2， 3，，3a， 4 and 5. In this study， we have developed the method with AVRDC for specific detection of TYLCTHV and ToLCTWV， and molecular markers for resistance genes Ty-3a and Ty-5. The results showed we has been established BGVs，TY-TH， TY-TW molecular marker could be amplified Begomovirus， ToLCTWV and TYLCTHV virus 1.6 kb of DNA band. Primer Ty3 could amplify resistance genes Ty-3 and Ty-3a 320 bp and 500 bp and susceptibility gene ty-3 250 bp of DNA bands. Resistance gene Ty-5 and susceptibility gene ty-5 could be amplified by Ty5 molecular marker 750 bp and 650 bp of DNA bands. The molecular markers could help breeders early screening and confirmation disease resistant plant genotypes (R / R， R / S， S / S)， helping to accelerate the breeding and promotion of disease-resistant tomato lines.。
The projects of this program have three components including. The first is the establishment and application molecular markers of the resistance to sport wilt virus in tomato analysis system. Specific markers SCAR-Sw5-1313 and SCAR-sw 5-676 were developed for differentiating allelic variation at Sw5 locus. It amplifies fragments from both resistant and susceptible tomato accessions with different molecular sizes that corresponding to the presence of Sw5/Sw5， Sw5/sw5 and sw5/sw5 alleles.This year we also merged SCAR-Sw 5-1313， SCAR-sw 5-676 and TSWV as Multiplex-PCR through once RT-PCR， detecting Sw5/Sw5， Sw5/sw5， sw5/sw5 and TSWV simultaneously. Sw5a and Sw5b are resistance genes to sport wilt。virus in chromosome 9 of tomato. Genes (Sw 5a and Sw 5b) could be。identified by molecular markers Tss#Sw5a and Tss#Sw5b， respectively. F2 segregation rate of Sw5aSw5b /Sw5aSw5b， Sw5aSw5b/sw5 and sw5/sw5 was 1:2:1. Inoculation experiment of TSWV to 2 F2 populations showed superiority of homo-resistance genotype and hetero-resistance genotype to susceptibility genotype.。The second is establishment the molecular markers for sex determination in Carica papaya L. (papaya) by using SSR and SCAR analysis. In SSR-PCR and SCAR-PCR analysis， we didn't found the maker was specific to allhermaphrodite character. Most of these primers can get a band in male，hermaphrodite and all-hermaphrodite materials. The sequence analysis results of the band were showed single nucleotide differences in male/hermaphrodite or hermaphrodite/ all-hermaphrodite materials. These single nucleotide differences might be applied to SNP or CAPS molecular markers which can detected the all-hermaphrodite character. But it is needed further experimental results to prove it. 。Tomato yellow leaf curl disease is a serious constraint to the production， often causing 100% yield loss. In Taiwan， the disese is caused by the monopartite Tomato leaf curl Taiwan virus (ToLCTWV) and the bipartite Tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus (TYLCTHV). The main disease resistance genes identified include Ty-1， 2， 3，，3a， 4 and 5. In this study， we have developed the method with AVRDC for specific detection of TYLCTHV and ToLCTWV， and molecular markers for resistance genes Ty-3a and Ty-5. The results showed we has been established BGVs，TY-TH， TY-TW molecular marker could be amplified Begomovirus， ToLCTWV and TYLCTHV virus 1.6 kb of DNA band. Primer Ty3 could amplify resistance genes Ty-3 and Ty-3a 320 bp and 500 bp and susceptibility gene ty-3 250 bp of DNA bands. Resistance gene Ty-5 and susceptibility gene ty-5 could be amplified by Ty5 molecular marker 750 bp and 650 bp of DNA bands. The molecular markers could help breeders early screening and confirmation disease resistant plant genotypes (R / R， R / S， S / S)， helping to accelerate the breeding and promotion of disease-resistant tomato lines.。